Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

}}Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), also known as “focal glomerular sclerosis” or “focal nodular glomerulosclerosis,” is a histopathologic finding of scarring (sclerosis) of glomeruli and damage to renal podocytes. This process damages the filtration function of the kidney, resulting in protein loss in the urine. Signs and symptoms include proteinuria, water retention, and edema. Kidney failure is a common long-term complication of disease. FSGS can be classified as primary versus secondary depending on whether a particular toxic or pathologic stressor can be identified as the cause. and treatment consists of glucocorticoids and other immune-modulatory drugs. Response to therapy is variable, with a significant portion of patients progressing to end-stage kidney failure.